LA VEN NANA IPM

II. LA EICHHETU RANNUNG, NATNA LEH RANNUNG THA THLITHLAI

A. Agro Eco System Analysis (AESA)

AESA chu hmundangah chipchiar taka tarlan a ni. AESA-a tih tur te chu heng te hi a ni.

     1) La to hlim atanga a arh thlenga a hrisel chhoh dan.

     2) Rannung in a eichhiat hnu leh natna in a tlakbuak pawha la chu amah leh amah a insiam that leh theih dan.

     3) La eichhetu rannung leh rannung tha intam hleih dan

     4) Lei chu a thur nge a al, a hnawng nge a ro, balu lei nge lei changtual etc

     5) Boruak Sik leh sa awm dan, khaw that dan leh ruah sur dan.

B. Rannung, Natna leh Rannung tha thlithlai tura la hmun tlawh:

     A tum ber chu la eichhetu rannung leh natna chu a tirte a an inthlahpun dan hre tura la hmun tlawh hi a ni. Agriculture department thawk leh la chingtu lo neitu ten la hmun an tlawh anga, rannung leh natna an thlithlai anga, a hlauhawm chin ETL an thlen dawn leh dawn loh azirin la ven dan tur an ruahman ang.

1) La hmun fan thuak thuak:

     La eichhetu rannung leh natna tam dan leh nasat dan a zirin ni 10 danah la chin na hmun chu hmun hrang hrang a mi tlawh tur a ni. Tin khat hmun ah a chuklaka a kil leh a kil in ep zawnga kal paha la kung en tur hmun 20 a mi thlan tur a ni. Hmun 20-a la kung 20 i en laia i thil hmuh thu ziakin chhinchhiah vek la, pangang, rannung dang leh natna i hmuh te chhinchhiah la, rannung tha leh maimawm tam leh tam loh te chhinchhiah bawk ang che.

2) La hmun tlawh

     Ni 5 danah Agriculture department-a thawk te leh loneitute chuan a huhoin la hmun an tlawh ang a, la eichhetu rannung leh natna ten a hlauhawm chin ETL an thlen dawn leh dawn loh thlithlai tur a ni. La dawttu rannung chik dawn chuan la zik lama a hnah no pathum-ah engzata tam nge awm tih chhiar tur a ni. Pangang chik dawn chuan la zik lama a hnahah lungphur thlahtu tui a awm leh awm loh en tur a ni a, pangang leh natna hrik hlawm (fruiting bodies)a awm leh awm loh en bawk tur a ni. Tichuan rannung tui leh pangang i hmuh zat chu za zela hisapin eng zat nge tih chhut chhuah tur a ni.

     Agriculture department chuan DDK, Radio, Local cable TV leh chanchinbu hmangin rannung leh natna thlithlai tura la hmuna kal a tulzia loneitute an hriattir tur a ni.

C. Pheromones thang, Thleng parh eng leh thilban hmanga la hmuna rannung awm thlithlai

     La eichhetu rannung chi hrang azirin an tam dan thlithlai nan a man na hmanrua chi hrang hrang a awma, Chung zinga an hman lar deuh te Chu Pheromone thang, thleng parh eng leh thil ban te hi a ni. Agriculture Department chuan heng rannung manna hmanruate hi thingtlanga la chinna hmunah a hman tangkai dan te hrilhin loneitute hman uar an zirtir tur a ni. A hman dan chu hetiang hi a ni:

1) Pheromone thang:

     La kuhmum leh a rah eichhetu pangang chi hrang hrang la hmuna an tam dan thlithlai nan Pheromone thang hi pangang thlahtu ber lungphur thlahtu (moths) man nan hman tur a ni a, la hmun hectare khat ah pheromone thang 5 chu 50 metre-a inhlatin kam/phun tur a ni. Pheromone thang-ah chuan rannung hipna, thil rimtui pe chhuak thei "Lure" an vuah a, he lure hi rannung azirin a bika siam a awm hrang veka, chu Lure chu ni 15-20 danah thlak zel tur a ni. Pheromone thang chhunga rannung tla chu nitin lakchhuaha, rahhlum tur ani. Pangang senno bik tana ETL chu Pheromone thanga ni 3 chhung a zawna lungphur thlahtu 8, ni tin a tlak chuan chu chu a ETL chu a ni. La kuhmum leh a rah eitu pangang (American bolworm) tana ETL chu pheromone thanga nitin, ni 3 chhung lungphur thlahtu 4-5 a tlakin a ni.

2) Thleng parh eng (yellow pan):

     La hmun hectare khata zauah la kungah thleng parh eng 25 a chuklaka hun tur a ni a, he thleng parh engah hian la dawttu rannung var, thlawk sep sep (whitefly) eng zat nge lo awm tih en tur a ni a. Thleng parh eng chhunglam chu tel/grease-a nuai mawm tur a ni.

3) Thil ban (Puan ban):

     La hmun hectare khata zauah Puan ban/tape ban, a chuklakin la kung 25-ah, a zik lam hnaihah thlun tur a ni a, la dawttu rannung var, thlawk sep sep (whitefly) chu eng zat nge thil ban-ah chuan tang tih en tur a ni.

D. Rannung leh natna hlauhawm chin ETL

     La hmun tlawha thlithlai hnuah agriculture department-a thawk te chuan la eichhetu rannung chi hrang hrang ten a hlauhawm chin ETL an thleng dawn em tih an hria anga, chumi ang chuan la venna tur kawng hrang hrang te ruahman turin loneitute thurawn an pe thin tur a ni. La eichhetu rannung pawimawh zual tana ETL chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni.

III. RANNUNG HLAUAWM CHIN HRIATNA ETL

E. Rannung thahna hlo chi hrang hrang haw tawh lo La kuhmum, a par leh a rah eichhetu pangang (Helicoverpa armigera), suat dan tur chungchang (Hei hi India rama state lian, La chin nasatna hmun atan bik a ni).

      Tun hnai kum rei vak lo chhung khan La leh Behliang ven nana rannung thahna hlo an kah chu pangang chi khat Helicoverpa armigera in a haw lo tih India ram hmun thenkhat-ah an sawi a. Agriculture Department-a thawk te chu State Agricultural University-a mithiamte nena tang tlangin chutiang hmun chu a hmun ngeiah kal in finfiah in chhinchhiah thei se a tha hle a ni. Chutianga pangang, Helicoverpa in rannung thahna hlo a huat lohna hmun an zir chian chhung chuan pangang suat nan loneitute chu rannung thahna hlo kap lo tura thurawn pek tur a ni. Hetiang Helicoverpa in rannung thahna hlo a haw tawhlo nia an hriatna hmun chu pangang suat nana Cypermethrin (Synthetic pyrethroids) an hman uarna state heng-Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana leh Punjab-ah te hian a ni. Rannung thahna hlo haw tawh lo laka La venna tha ber (Insecticide Resistance Management) chu thlai ven nan rannung thahna hlo (Cypermethrin tel lo in) chi dang hman bakah La leh thlai dang chi tha hman te, Neem rah/mu densawm tui sawr kah te leh pangang suat nana hman tur bik Helicoverpa NPV hman te hi a ni.

III. IPM HMAN TURTE

A. LONEITU THIAMSA

     1) Leia awm rannung, natna hrik leh thlai rulhut te nisaa pho hlum a awlsam nan nipui laiin thuk deuh hlekin lei lehphut tur a ni.

     2) La chin/seng hnuah la vek chin nawn loh tur a ni. La chin hnuah thlai dang chin tur a ni.

     3) La chi tha, thar hlawk, rannung leh natna do thei deuh chauh chin tur a ni.

     4) La chi tha (certified seed), hriat chian chauh chin tur a ni.

     5) La chi chu a mu dum hlang ngei chin dawn chuan la mu dum tuamtu la var la awm thenfai nan tuh hmain Acid-ah chiah tur a ni a, Sulphuric acid 1 litre chu la mu 10 kg sawisak/sawngbawl nan a tawk a ni. Hei hi mithiamte kaihhruaina hnuaiah chuah tih tur a ni, rei tak chiah loh tur, hmawlh-in han hawlh ila la mu chu a filh vel leh lakchhuah a, tuisika tlen fai hnuah phoro leh tur a ni.

     6) La chi chin tur 1 kg leh Trichoderma spp 4 gm nuaipawlh tur or Captan 3gm nen or Carbendazim 2gm nen tuh hmain nuaipawlh tur ani. India hmar lam a natna chi khat "Blackarm" a hluarna hmunah chuan Streptocycline 0.01% ah la chi chu an chiah thin a ni.

     7) A eichhetu rannung laka la chi (mu) chu a him theih nan tuh hmain rannung thahna hlo nen nuaipawlh tur, Imidachloprid 70WS @ 5gm leh la chi (seed) 1 kg nuaipawlh tur a ni a, hei hi la chi rau rauah Hybrid nilo la chi tan a ni. La Hybrid chi 1kg chu heng a hnuaia rannung thahna hlo eng nen emaw ber hian nuaipawlh tur a ni = Imidachloprid 70WS @ 10gm or Thiomethoxam @ 5gm or Carbosulfan 25DS @50gm.Rannung thahna hlo nena La chi (seed) nuaipawlh hnah Trichoderma spp nen or natna damdawi (fungicide) nen emaw nuaipawlh leh tur a ni.

     8) La chi tuh hun hi April/May thla tir ni se, khaw khata la chingtu zawng zawng te chuan a rual tlangin ni khat/ni hnih chhungin a chi hi tuh tur a ni.

     9) A bi inhlat dan rualtlang tak nise, fertilizer pawh hman tur zat bithliah dik tak hman tur ni se, tui lak (irrigation) a awm chuan a hun takah tui pek ni se, la kung chu tha hluah hluah tura beisei vangin fertilizer pek tur zat bituk aia tam pek loh tur a ni. Tlumpi leh rulhut a tlem nan Neem cake 5 quintal chu la hmun hectare khat a zauvah thehdarh tur a ni.

     10) La chi tuh ni atanga chhiara chawlhkar 8-9 (thla hnih aia rei) tal chu la hmun fai taka thlawh tur a ni.

     11) Rannung tha heng, khuavanglamdar, chrysopa leh syrphid flies an pun theih nan la leh thlai dang chinpawlh tur a ni, hetiang hian :

          i) La leh behlawi

          ii) La leh bekang

          iii) La leh badam

          iv) La leh chana hring (green gram)/chana dum(black gram)

          12) La hmun sir zai zaiah, la hmun hual velin rannung leh pangang la kawi turin (trap crops) heng thlai hi chin tur a ni Bawrhsaiabe, Mutih, Derhken (tagets), Bahliang, Dhania, Faisa, Vaimim. Heng thlai zinga a remchang ber hi la hmun hual vela i chin chuan, la eichhiat tum rannung leh pangang tam takin an bawm hmasa ang a, rannung tui, pangang leh rannung i hmuh apiang chu i tihlum zel dawn a ni, tichuan la a him phah ang. Serthlum, Nimbu, Hatkora etc huan hnaihah chuan La hi chin reng reng loh tur a ni a, a chhan chu la-natna chi khat Cotton Leaf Curl virus chu Ser in an kai theih vang a ni.

     13) La en (a arh seng) hnuah la hmunah a rem chuan ran tlat tir ni se, hnim leh la kung awm ang ang an pet fai ang a, la rah khertu pangang an tlem phah dawn a ni.

     14) Tuah atan la kung ro i senghawi duh a nih pawhin la chinna hmun hnaiah chhekkhawm loh tur a ni. La rah arh ve thei lo chu sahchhiata phum nghal vek tur a ni.

B. Hmanraw dang hman

     1) La hmun fang la, rannung tui, pangang, rannung chi hrang hrang a tam thei ang ber man la, tihlum vek ang che. Rannung eichhiat la kung, a zik, a rah te lakhawm la, hal vek ang che.

     2) La zik sang ber chu ni 90-110 a upa a nih hunah sikchhum vek la, hal ang che.

C. Rannung tha leh thilnung tha hman

     1) La chi nen, tuh hmain Trichoderma sppe 4 gm leh la chi 1 kg nuaipawlh tur a ni.

     2) Heng rannung tha te humhalh tur a ni : Khuavanglamdar, Khawidang, Maimawm, Lacewings, Staphylinids, thlangdar tangkai- Geocoris, Anthocorid, Nabids, Reduviids, rannungtui leh pangang tihlum thei chi- Apanteles, Bracon, Rogas, Agathis, Campoletis, Eriborus, Trichogramma, Telenomus. Heng ho humhalh nan hian La hmun hual velin Vaimim, Faisa leh Behlawi te chin tur a ni.

     3) Rannungtui vaia, tihchhiat tur

     4) La hmunah sava fukna tur, la kung aia sang hret, hectare khatah 8-10 Phun tur a ni, la kung chu ni 90-a upa a nih atanga Phun tan tur a ni a, a chuklakin hmun hrang hrangah Phun tur a ni. Sava hian la eichhetu pangang an lo chuk/ei dawn a ni.

     5) Laboratory-a vulh pun sa, rannung tangkai, rannungtui tichhe chi leh rannung ei chi chu la hmun hectare khatah hetiang hian chhuah tur ani :-

          a) Chrysoperla tui 10,000 or pangang 10,000

          b) Trichogramma chilonis tui 150,000 kartin, tum 3 chhuah tur a ni a, la chi tuh atanga ni 40-50 hnuah chhuah tan tur.

          c) Pheromone thang 5 kam tur, nitin lungphurh thlahtu tla chu lak chhuaha, tihhlum tur. Rannung tha hi la hmuna chhuah atanga kar khat chhung chu rannung thahna hlo kah loh tur a ni.

     6) Pangang suat nan la hmun hectare khatah Spodoptera NPV@ 250-500 LE kah tur (@ I LE leh tui I litre chawhpawlh hisapin kah tur). Helicoverpa NPV @ 250 LE chu Helicoverpa pangang a awm tantirh atangin kah tur a ni.

     7) Pangang leh rannung dang suat nan Metarhizium anisopliae te, Beauveria bass iana le la hmunah kah tur a ni.

D. Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi kah

     A tul tak tak hun, a loh theih loh hunah chauh, mamawh tawk chiah, fimkhur taka rannung thahna hlo kah hi IPM-ah chuan tih makmawh a ni. La ven nana rannung thahna hlo kah tur te leh tui 1 litre nena chawhpawlh tur zat Phosphamidon 85 WSL @ Monochrotophos 36 SL @ Oxydemetonmethyl 25 EC @ Neem @ Quinalphos 20 EC @ Chlorpyriphos Rannung thahna hlo chi hnih chawhpawlh a kah hi tih loh tur a ni.

      Rannung thahna hlo chi khat ringawt hi kah nawn tlut tlut tur a ni lo. Symthetic Pyrethroids- heng Cypermethrin etc hi la hmunah kah loh tur a ni. Rannung thahna hlo hi chhun nisat lai leh ruahsur laiin kah loh tur a ni a, zinglam leh tlai lamah kah tur a ni.

E. Virus natna vanga la hnah kir/vial enkawl dan

     1) He virus natna haw tak la chi (variety) chu chin loh tur.

     2) Hetiang natna vei atang chuan la chi lak loh tur a ni a, chin nawn tawh loh tur a ni.

     3) La dawttu, rannung var, te tak te te kha virus thehdarhtu a nih avangin a awm duhna chi hnim chu pawh fai vek tur a ni.

     4) He virus natna kai duhna thlai dang: bawrhsaiabe, tomato etc te chu la hmun hnaiah chin loh tur a ni.

     5) Heng la chi tha, natna do thei te hi chin tur a ni :- RS-875, LHH-144, RS-810, RS-2013, White gold. La hnah kir natna lakah tual chhunga la kan neih ve (Mizo La) hi a him bik a ni.

     6) Nitrogen pai fertilizer- Urea leh DAP te mamawh tawk aia tam la hmun ah hman loh tur a ni.

     7) La dawttu rannung var (white fly) man nan thil ban eng, la kungah thlun tur a ni.

     8) Neem rah/mu densawm tui sawr @ 5ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur.

     9) Imidachloprid @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur.

     10) Rannung thahna hlo kah laiin la hnah chunglam leh hnuai lam rual takin kah tur a ni.

F. Hnim suat

     1) Nipui laiin thuk deuh hlekin lei lehphut tur a ni a, hei hian hnim zung, a bul bal leh rannung tui leh buhchium a pho chhuak anga, nisa in a em hlum dawn a ni. Lei lehphut chu tui pe loin nisaah kar 2-3 tal pho tur a ni.

     2) Lei lehphut that hnuah a hun takah a chi mamawh zat dik tak tuh tur a ni a, fertilizer hman tur bithliah zat dik tak hmang bawk la, a hun takah tui pe bawk ang che (Ruahtui ring pawhin la hi a chin theih tho a ni).

     3) La chi tuh atanga chhiarin kar 8-9 chhung chu hlo thlawhfai tur a ni. (La chi hi theh loh tur, a tuh a tuh ngei tur a ni).

     4) A remchan chuan la hmunah hnim a to tam loh nan buhpawl, di ro, hnim hnah, lehkha khawng te chap tur a ni a, a neizo tan thelret puan pawh phah tur a ni.

     5) La chi tuh hnu, hnim leh la to chhuah hma si in heng a hnuaia hnim-tur te hi kah tur a ni.

          Pendimethalin @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh

          Alachlor @ 3 ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh

          Diuron @ 3 ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh

          Trifluralin @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh

          La chi tuh hmain Fluchloralin @ 3ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur

G. Thlai rulhut suat

     1) Nipui laiin thuk deuh hleka lei lehphut tur a ni.

     2) La kung hlui, la bul leh hnim bul te halfai tur.

     3) La hmunah Neem cake hman tur a ni.

H. Fimkhur na tur kawng te :-

     1) La chi leh damdawi nuaipawlh nan plastic bucket, polythene bag etc hman tur a ni.

     2) La chi leh damdawi thin pawlh zawh veleh a bawm chu hawng thut suh, nghak rih rawh, chutilo chu damdawi khu i hip palh ang.

     3) La chi, damdawi nena chawhpawlh tawh reng reng chu tuh vek tur, ranchaw atan pek tur a ni lo.

     4) Rannung thahna hlo kaptu chu a awm a nuam lo a,a khaw hmuh a fiah lo a nih chuan chawlh hahdam tir vat tur a ni a, tuisik thianghlim in a inbual vat tur a ni.

     5) Nikhatah mi pakhat in darkar 4 aia rei rannung thahna hlo leh damdawi kah loh tur a ni.

     6) Riltam chungin rannung thahna hlo kah loh tur a ni.

IV. LA VEN NANA IPM HMAN CHUNGCHANGA TIHTUR LEH TIH LOH TUR